Search results for "Gamma hydroxybutyrate"

showing 3 items of 3 documents

Detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in hair: Validation of GC–MS and LC–MS/MS methods and application to a real case

2012

A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method were validated for quantifying endogenous and exogenous hair concentrations of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). The GC-MS method is based on overnight extraction of 25 mg hair in NaOH at 56 °C, liquid/liquid extraction in ethylacetate and trimethylsylil derivatization; analysis is by electron ionization and single ion monitoring of three ions. The LC-MS/MS method entails a rapid digestion of 25 mg hair with NaOH at 75 °C for 40 min, liquid/liquid extraction in ethylacetate and reconstitution of the extract in the LC mobile phase; negative ion electrospray ionization and multiple…

AdultMaleQuality ControlSpectrometry Mass Electrospray IonizationSubstance-Related DisordersElectrospray ionizationClinical BiochemistryLiquid-Liquid ExtractionPharmaceutical ScienceAcetatesTandem mass spectrometryMass spectrometryGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryAnalytical ChemistryForensic ToxicologySettore MED/43 - Medicina LegaleLiquid chromatography–mass spectrometryLimit of DetectionTandem Mass SpectrometryDrug DiscoveryHumansSodium HydroxideSpectroscopyDetection limitChromatographyChemistryIllicit DrugsSelected reaction monitoringHair Segmental analysis GC–MS LC–MS/MSTemperatureReproducibility of ResultsGamma hydroxybutyrateReference StandardsSubstance Abuse DetectionGamma-hydroxybutyrate GHBCalibrationLinear ModelsCrimeGas chromatography–mass spectrometrySodium OxybateChromatography LiquidHair
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Levels of GHB in hair after regular application.

2021

Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a central nervous system depressant that is an approved drug for the treatment of narcolepsy with cataplexy and other syndromes. Due to its dose dependent stimulating, relaxing or sedative effects, illicit abuses include recreational use by young people and cases of drug-facilitated crime (DFC). Since GHB is also produced endogenously, for forensic questions, it is important to be able to differentiate between endogenous GHB and elevated levels due to additional intake. In this study, we measured GHB concentrations in hair of patients with narcolepsy receiving daily GHB treatment. The results were compared to endogenous concentrations and concentrations after …

AdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentSodium OxybateDose dependenceRecreational use01 natural sciencesPathology and Forensic Medicine03 medical and health sciencesYoung Adult0302 clinical medicineTandem Mass SpectrometryInternal medicineMedicineHumans030216 legal & forensic medicineNarcolepsySleep disorderbusiness.industry010401 analytical chemistryCentral Nervous System DepressantsGamma hydroxybutyratemedicine.disease0104 chemical sciencesSodium saltEndocrinologySedative EffectsFemalebusinessSodium OxybateLawNarcolepsyChromatography LiquidHairForensic science international
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Sodium Oxybate Therapy for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome and Keeping of Alcohol Abstinence

2018

BACKGROUND Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB or sodium oxybate) is both an exogenous and endogenous molecule with neuromodulator properties. In the United States, GHB is an approved drug for the treatment of narcolepsy and narcolepsy with cataplexy in adults. In some European Union countries, sodium oxybate is applied for the treatment of opioid and alcohol withdrawal. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review was to describe the state of art of the pre-clinical research and the clinical evidence related to GHB used alone or in combination with other treatments in alcohol withdrawal syndrome and alcohol abstinence maintenance. METHOD Internationally published pre-clinical findings and clinical studi…

medicine.medical_specialtySodium Oxybatemedia_common.quotation_subjectClinical Biochemistry01 natural sciencesNaltrexone03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineHumansmedia_common.cataloged_instance030216 legal & forensic medicineEuropean unionPsychiatrymedia_commonPharmacologyAlcohol Abstinencebusiness.industry010401 analytical chemistryGamma hydroxybutyrategamma-Hydroxybutyric acidAbstinencemedicine.diseaseSubstance Withdrawal Syndrome0104 chemical sciencesAlcohol withdrawal syndromeSodium OxybatebusinessAlcohol-Related DisordersCentral Nervous System AgentsAlcohol Abstinencemedicine.drugCurrent Drug Metabolism
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